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1.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 25(11): 4237-4248, nov. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | SES-SP, ColecionaSUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1133022

ABSTRACT

Resumo Trabalhadores do sexo tornam-se cada vez mais vulneráveis economicamente como resultado das medidas restritivas implementadas para responder à pandemia de coronavírus. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o conteúdo dos websites e anúncios de prostituição sobre medidas relacionadas à pandemia por COVID-19. Trata-se de descrição do fluxo de visitas e análise de conteúdo das comunicações em websites que anunciam transações de sexo comercial. Realizou-se cálculo de variação percentual do número de visitas para três períodos compreendidos entre 02/2019 a 04/2020. Posteriormente, extraíram-se anúncios com os termos "corona", "pandemia" e "quarentena" em websites que oferecem mecanismo de busca. Para análise de conteúdo, utilizou-se o método de Bardin. Houve aumento no número de acessos nos websites de prostituição entre o ano de 2019 e 2020, seguido de queda com a advento da crise pandêmica por coronavírus. Dentre as medidas de proteção durante a pandemia, destacam-se as recomendações de saúde e o incentivo ao sexo virtual. Dentre 1.991.014 anúncios, 0,51% mencionam a crise por COVID-19 quanto ao descumprimento do distanciamento social, medidas de proteção e oferta de sexo on-line.


Abstract Sex workers become increasingly economically vulnerable due to the restrictive measures implemented to combat the coronavirus pandemic. In this respect, the scope of this study is to analyze the content of prostitution websites and advertisements regarding measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic. It involved a description of the visits and analysis of content of communications on websites that advertise commercial sex transactions. The percentage change in the number of visits for three periods from 02/2019 to 04/2020 was calculated. Subsequently, ads with the terms "corona," "pandemic" and "quarantine" on websites that offer search engines were extracted. The Bardin method was then used for content analysis. There was an increase in the number of visits to prostitution websites between 2019 and 2020, followed by a decrease with the advent of the coronavirus pandemic crisis. With regard to the protection measures during the pandemic, health recommendations and the incentive to engage in virtual sex are highlighted. Of the 1,991,014 advertisements, 0.51% mention the COVID-19 crisis regarding noncompliance with social distancing, protection measures and the offer of online sex.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Advertising/statistics & numerical data , Internet/statistics & numerical data , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Portugal , Spain , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Advertising/methods , Advertising/trends , Search Engine/statistics & numerical data , France , Italy , Latin America
2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 25(3): 1025-1039, mar. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089492

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a associação entre fatores sociodemográficos, programáticos e contextuais e ter recebido dinheiro em troca de sexo entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). Estudo multicêntrico, transversal, realizado em 10 cidades brasileiras, entre 2008 e 2009. Foram entrevistados 3.749 HSH selecionados pela técnica amostral "Respondent Driven-Sampling" (RDS). "Odds Ratio" ponderado (ORp) foi obtido por meio de regressão logística, permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis associadas ao evento (p < 0,05). Da amostra total, 33,3% relataram ter recebido dinheiro em troca de sexo nos últimos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista. As variáveis associadas com o evento foram ter idade ≤ 25 anos, menor nível de escolaridade, classes sociais mais baixas, história prévia de infecção por sífilis, utilizar locais de encontros para ter parceiros sexuais, ter comportamento de risco para HIV muito alto e usar drogas ilícitas, se autoidentificarem como heterossexual ou bissexual, ter sofrido violência física devido à orientação sexual e apresentar ideação suicida sempre ou na maioria das vezes. Observa-se que os HSH que receberam dinheiro em troca de sexo apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, programática e contextual, potencialmente aumentando o risco de infecção pelo HIV em relação aos demais HSH.


Abstract This study aimed to analyze the association between sociodemographic, programmatic and contextual factors and the receipt of money in exchange for sex among men who have sex with men (MSM). This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted in ten Brazilian cities between 2008 and 2009. Adult MSM recruited through the Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) were interviewed. Weighted Odds Ratio (ORw) was obtained through logistic regression, retaining the variables associated with the event (p < 0.05) in the final model. Of the total sample, 33.3% reported receiving money in exchange for sex in the last 12 months before the interview. The variables that were independently associated with the event were age less than or equal to 25 years, lower education, lower social classes, previous history of syphilis, using sites or services to find sexual partners in the previous month, very high risk behavior, using illicit drugs in the previous six months, self-identifying as heterosexual or bisexual, having suffered physical violence due to sexual orientation and having suicidal thoughts always or most of the time. It was observed that MSM who received money in exchange for sex had greater socioeconomic, programmatic and contextual vulnerability, potentially increasing the risk of HIV infection than the other MSM in the sample.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Young Adult , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies
3.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 29(4): e2020111, 2020. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124752

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Descrever as características das mulheres trabalhadoras do sexo (MTS) de 12 capitais brasileiras. Métodos: Estudo transversal de vigilância biológica e comportamental com MTS recrutadas por respondent-driven sampling (RDS), em 2016. Foram estimadas, por cidade, as prevalências de HIV, características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e da profissão. Utilizou-se o teste do Qui-Quadrado para comparar essas distribuições. Resultados: Entre 4.328 MTS, a prevalência da infecção pelo HIV foi de 5,3% (IC95% 4,5;6,3), variando de 0,2% (IC95% 0,0;1,2), em Campo Grande, a 18,2% (IC95%13,2;24,7) em Salvador. Em metade das cidades, a prevalência de HIV nas amostras foi >5,0%, enquanto Campo Grande, Brasília e Belo Horizonte apresentaram prevalências <1,0%. Diferenças significativas entre as cidades foram encontradas nas distribuições segundo escolaridade, renda, local de trabalho, idade de início do trabalho sexual, e uso de drogas ilícitas. Conclusão: As características das amostras em cada cidade foram distintas, e influenciaram a prevalência local de HIV.


Objetivos: Describir las características de las mujeres trabajadoras sexuales (MTS) de 12 ciudades brasileñas. Métodos: Estudio transversal de vigilancia biológica y conductual con MTS reclutadas por Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) 2016. La prevalencia del VIH, las características sociodemográficas, de comportamiento y relacionadas con la profesión se estimaron por ciudad. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comparar esas distribuciones. Resultados: Entre 4,328 MTS, la prevalencia del VIH fue 5,3% (IC95%4,5; 6,3), variando de 0,2% (IC95% 0,0;1,2) en Campo Grande a 18,2% (IC95% 13,2; 24,7) en Salvador. En la mitad de las ciudades, la prevalencia del VIH fue >5,0%, mientras que Campo Grande, Brasíla y Belo Horizonte tuvieron prevalencia de, <1,0%. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las ciudades en las distribuciones, de acuerdo con la escolaridad, ingresos, lugar de trabajo, edad de inicio del trabajo sexual y uso de drogas ilícitas. Conclusión: Las características de las muestras locales fueron diferentes e influyeron en la prevalencia local del VIH.


Objective: To describe the characteristics of female sex workers (FSW) in 12 Brazilian cities. Methods: This was a cross-sectional biological and behavioral surveillance study with FSW recruited by respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in 2016. HIV prevalence, sociodemographic, behavioral and sex work profession variables were estimated by city. The chi-square test was used to compare these distributions. Results: Among 4,328 FSW, HIV prevalence was 5.3% (95%CI 4.5;6.3), ranging from 0.2% (95% CI 0.0;1.2), in Campo Grande, to 18.2 (95%CI 13.2;24.7) in Salvador. In half of the cities, HIV prevalence in the samples was >5.0%, while Campo Grande, Brasília and Belo Horizonte had prevalence rates <1.0%. Significant differences between cities were found in distributions according to educational level, income, workplace, age sex work started, and illicit drug use. Conclusion: The characteristics of the samples in each city were distinct and have influenced local HIV prevalence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Behavior/psychology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Brazil , Occupational Risks , Women's Health/statistics & numerical data , Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical data
4.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 41(3): 199-207, May-June 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011489

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of early childhood maltreatment and associations with later sexual behavior among adult substance users. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 134 substance dependents who sought outpatient care in São Paulo, Brazil. Childhood trauma prevalence was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST), drug of choice (DOC), and sexual behavior were also investigated. Results: The sample was composed predominantly of single adult males (76.1%), with alcohol as the DOC (73.9%). Experiences of emotional neglect (88.1%), emotional abuse (80.6%), physical neglect (78.4%), physical abuse (64.2%), and sexual abuse (31.3%) were prevalent. Women were more likely to have been sexually abused (OR 2.9, 95%CI 1.15-7.61) and physically abused (OR 3.7, 95%CI 1.31-10.6) in childhood. Those who were sexually abused in adulthood were more likely to have suffered physical abuse in childhood (OR 6.9, 95%CI 1.45-11.8). The odds of having been sexually abused in childhood were higher among subjects who reported to have exchanged sexual favors for drugs (OR 5.7, 95%CI 1.35-9.64) and to have been sexually abused in adulthood (OR 6.1, 95%CI 5.2-12.36). Conclusion: Physical and sexual abuse in childhood are highly prevalent in substance-dependent adults, and are associated with sexual revictimization and high-risk sexual behavior in adulthood.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Child Abuse/psychology , Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Sex Work/psychology , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Behavior/classification , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Child Abuse/classification , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Behavior, Addictive , Substance-Related Disorders/etiology , Middle Aged
5.
Colomb. med ; 49(2): 139-147, Apr.-June 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952906

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: In Colombia, 20%-54% of the population with sexual practices at higher risk for HIV infection (men who have sex with men, transgender women, women sex workers) has sometime been tested. Objective: To describe perceptions of sexual risk, HIV and HIV testing in people with risky sexual practices and people who identify themselves as heterosexual. Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, it was carried a descriptive study using HIV screening out in Cali-Colombia with the voluntary participation of 940 people aged over 18 years. There were used: informed consent, structured questionnaire and HIV testing. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were performed. Results: Average age 28.5 ±10.9 years; 50% men. 357 (38%) were people from the traditional risk group for HIV infection; and 583 (62%) corresponded to the non-traditional risk group (heterosexual men and women). Likewise, 62% and 41% respectively had HIV test. 51% to 53% reported having sex when they consumed liquor; commercial sex was higher in the group with risky sexual practices (32% vs 3%), as well as anal relations (77% vs 23%), consistent use of condom (32% vs 9%), and HIV positive test (14.3% vs 1.6%). The multivariate analysis showed for both groups that having HIV test was associated with being older than 25 years and a history of sexually transmitted infection. Conclusions: Differentiated education strategies are needed based on risky sexual behaviors and that consider the importance of regular HIV tests for early diagnosis and timely enrollment in care and treatment.


Resumen Introducción: En Colombia, 20%-54% de la población con prácticas sexuales de mayor riesgo para infección por VIH (Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres, mujeres transgénero, mujeres trabajadoras sexuales) se ha hecho la prueba alguna vez. Objetivo: Describir las percepciones sobre riesgo sexual, VIH y prueba del VIH, en personas con prácticas sexuales de riesgo y personas que se identifican heterosexuales. Métodos: Entre 2012 y 2014 se hizo en Cali-Colombia un estudio descriptivo mediante tamizaje para VIH con participación voluntaria de 940 personas mayores de 18 años. Fueron utilizados: consentimiento informado, cuestionario estructurado y prueba VIH. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariado y modelo de regresión multivariada Poisson. Resultados: Edad promedio 28.5 ±10.9 años, 50% hombres. 357(38%) eran personas de grupos tradicionales de riesgo para infección VIH y 583(62%) correspondían a grupo no tradicional de riesgo (hombres y mujeres heterosexuales). Así mismo, 62% y 41% respectivamente, tenían prueba de VIH. Reportaron tener relaciones sexuales cuando consumieron licor 51% a 53%; sexo comercial fue mayor en grupo con prácticas sexuales de riesgo (32% vs 3%), igual que relaciones anales (77% vs 23%), uso consistente de condón (32% vs 9%) y prueba VIH positiva (14.3% vs 1.6%). El análisis multivariado mostro para ambos grupos, que tener prueba de VIH se asoció con ser mayor de 25 años y antecedente de infección de transmisión sexual. Conclusiones: Se necesitan estrategias de educación diferenciadas según comportamientos sexuales de riesgo y que consideren la importancia de las pruebas regulares del VIH para el diagnóstico temprano e inscripción oportuna en la atención y tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Risk-Taking , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Mass Screening/methods , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Poisson Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Condoms/statistics & numerical data , Colombia
6.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(1): 97-106, jan. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-839913

ABSTRACT

Resumo O crack é um problema relevante de saúde pública no Brasil, em função dos danos e riscos individuais e sociais secundários ao seu uso/abuso. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever características das cenas de uso de crack na Capital e no Meio-Oeste de Santa Catarina. O projeto se valeu da metodologia Time-Location Sampling. Em janeiro-junho de 2011, foram mapeadas 41 cenas de uso de crack na Capital e 33 no Meio-Oeste catarinense. Após seleção aleatória das cenas a serem observadas, foram sorteados os dias e os turnos em que estas seriam observadas em detalhe, totalizando 98 cenas/turno na Capital e 62 no Meio-O-este. As observações foram registradas em caderno de campo, analisadas via análise de conteúdo de Bardin e discutidas à luz da literatura nacional e internacional. Os usuários de crack entrevistados eram majoritariamente adultos do sexo masculino, com uma maior associação entre estar em situação de rua e consumir a droga na Capital. Enquanto no Meio-Oeste a maioria das cenas estavam ativas no período noturno, na Capital, apresentaram-se ativas em todos os períodos. Foram identificadas práticas de risco associadas ao uso do crack, como associação de múltiplas drogas, prostituição, compartilhamento de cachimbo e favores sexuais em troca da substância.


Abstract Crack cocaine has been a major public health problem in Brazil due to the individual and social harms and risks deriving from its use. This article aims to assess the characteristics of drug scenes in the capital and Midwest of Santa Catarina state. The project used the Time-Location Sampling. Between January and June 2011, 41 crack cocaine scenes were mapped in capital of Santa Catarina, whereas 33 were mapped in the Midwest of that state. Such scenes were randomly selected to be observed, as well as their days and shifts (time periods/day) for in-depth observation. Overall, 98 scenes/shifts were observed in the capital and 62 in the Midwest. First-hand reports were logged as field notes into notebooks. Analyses of the empirical material were based on Bardin's content analysis, and findings were compared and contrasted with Brazilian and international literature. Most crack cocaine users were adult males. In the capital, a substantial fraction of the users lived in the streets, but in both settings most interviewees have used multiple substances. In the Midwest, most scenes occurred at night, whereas in the capital scenes occurred in all shifts. Risk practices associated with the use of crack cocaine were: association of multiple drugs, prostitution, pipe sharing and sexual favors in exchange for the substance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Risk-Taking , Crack Cocaine , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Sampling Studies
7.
Rev. saúde pública ; 48(3): 428-437, 06/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-718645

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in HIV infection- related risk practices by Female Sex Workers according to workplace and the effects of homophily on estimating HIV prevalence. METHODS Data from 2,523 women, recruited using Respondent-Driven Sampling, were used for the study carried out in 10 Brazilian cities in 2008-2009. The study included female sex workers aged 18 and over. The questionnaire was completed by the subjects and included questions on characteristics of professional activity, sexual practices, use of drugs, HIV testing, and access to health services. HIV quick tests were conducted. The participants were classified in two groups according to place of work: on the street or indoor venues, like nightclubs and saunas. To compare variable distributions by place of work, we used Chi-square homogeneity tests, taking into consideration unequal selection probabilities as well as the structure of dependence between observations. We tested the effect of homophily by workplace on estimated HIV prevalence. RESULTS The highest HIV risk practices were associated with: working on the streets, lower socioeconomic status, low regular smear test coverage, higher levels of crack use and higher levels of syphilis serological scars as well as higher prevalence of HIV infection. The effect of homophily was higher among sex workers in indoor venues. However, it did not affect the estimated prevalence of HIV, even after using a post-stratification by workplace procedure. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that strategies should focus on extending access to, and utilization of, health services. Prevention policies should be specifically aimed at street workers. Regarding the application of Respondent-Driven Sampling, the sample should be sufficient to estimate transition probabilities, as the network develops more quickly among sex workers in indoor venues. .


OBJETIVO Investigar diferenças nas práticas de risco à infecção pelo HIV segundo local de trabalho das mulheres profissionais do sexo e efeitos de homofilia na estimação da prevalência do HIV. MÉTODOS Foram utilizadas informações de 2.523 mulheres recrutadas por Respondent-Driven Sampling em estudo realizado em 10 cidades brasileiras, 2008-2009. Foram incluídas profissionais com 18 anos ou mais de idade. O questionário foi autopreenchido e incluiu perguntas sobre características da profissão, práticas sexuais, uso de drogas, testes periódicos de HIV e acesso aos serviços de saúde. Utilizaram-se testes rápidos para detecção de HIV. As participantes foram agregadas em dois grupos por local de trabalho: pontos de rua ou locais fechados, e.g., boates, saunas e termas. Foram utilizados testes Qui-quadrado de homogeneidade, levando-se em consideração as probabilidades desiguais de seleção, bem como a dependência entre as observações. Os efeitos de homofilia por local de trabalho foram pesquisados na estimação da prevalência do HIV. RESULTADOS As práticas de maior risco ao HIV associaram-se a: trabalhar em pontos de rua, menor nível socioeconômico, baixa cobertura de exame preventivo de câncer de colo de útero, elevado consumo de crack, maior prevalência de cicatriz sorológica de sífilis e maior prevalência de infecção pelo HIV. O efeito de homofilia foi maior entre as profissionais de locais fechados. Contudo, não afetou a estimativa da prevalência de HIV, mesmo utilizando o procedimento de pós-estratificação por local de trabalho. CONCLUSÕES Os resultados indicaram que as estratégias devem ser dirigidas à ampliação do acesso e à utilização dos serviços ...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Sex Workers/statistics & numerical data , Workplace/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Homosexuality, Female/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Risk-Taking , Socioeconomic Factors
8.
Cad. saúde pública ; 27(supl.1): s45-s55, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-582631

ABSTRACT

Female sex workers are known in Brazil and elsewhere in the world as one of the most-at-risk populations for risk of HIV infection, due to their social vulnerability and factors related to their work. However, the use of conventional sampling strategies in studies on most-at-risk subgroups for HIV is generally problematic, since such subgroups are small in size and are associated with stigmatized behaviors and/or illegal activities. In 1997, a probabilistic sampling technique was proposed for hard-to-reach populations, called Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS). The method is considered a variant of chain sampling and allows the statistical estimation of target variables. This article describes some assumptions of RDS and all the implementation stages in a study of 2,523 female sex workers in 10 Brazilian cities. RDS proved appropriate for recruiting sex workers, allowing the selection of a probabilistic sample and the collection of previously missing information on this group in Brazil.


O grupo das mulheres profissionais do sexo é reconhecido, nacional e internacionalmente, como uma população de maior risco à infecção pelo HIV pela sua vulnerabilidade social e por fatores relacionados à atividade profissional. Porém, a utilização de estratégias convencionais de amostragem em estudos nos subgrupos de maior risco de contraírem HIV é, em geral, problemática, já que estes têm pequena magnitude em termos populacionais e estão vinculados a comportamentos estigmatizados ou atividades ilegais. Em 1997, foi proposta uma técnica de amostragem probabilística para populações de difícil acesso, o Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS). O método é considerado como uma variante da amostragem em cadeia e possibilita a estimação estatística dos parâmetros de interesse. Este artigo descreve alguns pressupostos do RDS e todas as etapas de implementação em um estudo com 2.523 profissionais do sexo em dez municípios brasileiros. A utilização do RDS mostrou-se apropriada para recrutamento de profissionais do sexo, possibilitando a seleção de uma amostra probabilística e a coleta de informações inexistentes sobre este grupo no Brasil.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Data Collection/methods , HIV Infections , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , HIV Infections/transmission , Risk Assessment , Sampling Studies , Vulnerable Populations
9.
Rev. enferm. herediana ; 3(2): 64-71, jul.-dic. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-595445

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar la efectividad de la intervención educativa en el nivel de conocimiento sobre prácticas sanitarias en trabajadoras sexuales. Material y métodos: estudio cuasi-experimental, realizado en el Centro Referencial Especializado de ITS/VIH (CERTISS) Raúl Patrucco Puig, del distrito de Cercado de Lima. La muestra estuvo conformada por 50 trabajadoras sexuales del club Las Cucardas, la recolección de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario diseñado por los investigadores, cuya validación se realizó mediante juicios de expertos y prueba piloto. Se utilizó un cuestionario de 30 preguntas: seis de aspectos sociodemográficos, nueve de características de trabajo y quince de conocimientos sobre prácticas sanitarias. Se aplicó en tres sesiones: pretest, intervención educativa y postest. Resultados: el nivel de conocimiento en el pretest fue de nivel bajo û medio; alcanzando 92 por ciento de conocimiento alto, después de la educación. El 65 por ciento de las que fueron portadoras de una Infección de Transmisión Sexual (ITS), usó preservativo al continuar con su trabajo y el 35 por ciento dejó de trabajar; el 90 por ciento a quienes se les detectó una ITS, acudió al centro de salud; y el 82 por ciento acuden a su control médico en un periodo regular. Conclusiones: la intervención educativa sobre prácticas sanitarias incrementó el nivel de conocimiento e influyó en el cambio de sus conductas a favor de la salud.


Objectives: Determinate the effectivity of educational intervention in the level of knowledge about health practices among sex workers. Material y methods: Determinate the effectivity of educational intervention in the level of knowledge about health practices among sex workers. Results: The level of knowledge in pre-test was medium-low; the 92 percent reached a higher knowledge after the educational intervention. From those carrying a sexually transmitted infection (STI), 65 percent used comdoms to continue working and 35 percent stopped working; from the ones detected with a STI, 90 percent went to the health center; and just 82 percent go to the medical control in a regular period. Conclusions: The educational intervention about health practices increased the level of knowledge, influencing to change their behavior in favor of health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Education/statistics & numerical data , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Peru
10.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 14(4): 385-397, July-Aug. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-561213

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We investigated sampling methods being used to estimate the HIV prevalence rate among female commercial sex workers. METHODS: The studies were classified according to the adequacy or not of the sample size to estimate HIV prevalence rate and according to the sampling method (probabilistic or convenience). RESULTS: We identified 75 studies that estimated the HIV prevalence rate among female sex workers. Most of the studies employed convenience samples. The sample size was not adequate to estimate HIV prevalence rate in 35 studies. DISCUSSION: The use of convenience sample limits statistical inference for the whole group. It was observed that there was an increase in the number of published studies since 2005, as well as in the number of studies that used probabilistic samples. This represents a large advance in the monitoring of risk behavior practices and HIV prevalence rate in this group.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Sampling Studies , Prevalence
11.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 31(1): 23-29, jan.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-538417

ABSTRACT

Nas últimas décadas, a importância da infância e adolescência e a necessidadede proteção deste grupo têm mobilizado sociedades no sentido de notificarem aos órgãos competentes situações de risco em que figuram crianças e adolescentes. A pesquisa, de natureza descritiva, objetivou estudar as circunstâncias da mendicância, trabalho e prostituição infantil envolvendo menores de 15 anos residentes em Londrina, Estado do Paraná, notificadas aos Conselhos Tutelares, em 2006. Os dados foram coletados nos prontuários dos Conselhos Tutelares, utilizando-se formulário com questões fechadas, eanalisados pelo programa Epi Info. Foram estudados 27 casos, 55,6% de meninas e 44,4% de meninos, com idades de 11 anos para os meninos (33,3%) e oito anos para as meninas(26,7%). Os principais agressores foram a mãe (37,0%) e o pai (37,0%), com idade predominante de 30 a 34 anos para os homens (58,3%) e de 20 a 24 para as mulheres (40,0%). Entre os meninos, destacou-se trabalho infantil (58,3%) e mendicância (41,7%).Entre as meninas, mendicância (53,3%), prostituição (33,3%) e trabalho infantil (13,3%). É preciso ressaltar a necessidade de que a sociedade como um todo combata esses tipos de violência tão desastrosos para a criança e o adolescente. Deve ser prioritária a participação de todos os segmentos sociais, instâncias executivas e legislativas a fim de formular, acompanhar e avaliar políticas voltadas para a redução do trabalho infantil, da problemática das crianças de rua e, principalmente, da exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes.


In recent decades, the importance of childhood and adolescence and the necessity of protection for these groupshave moved societies towards notifying the competent authorities of risk situations involving children and teenagers. This study aims to reveal the circumstances of mendicancy, child labor and prostitution involving minors under age 15, residing in Londrina, Paraná State, notified to Tutelary Councils in 2006. Data were analyzed with the help of the Epi Info software. Twenty-seven cases were studied, of which 55.6% were girls, age 8 (26.7%), and 44.4% boys, age 11 (33.3%). The main aggressors were the mother (37.0%) and the father (37.0%), with the age for males between 30 and 34 years old (58.3%)and between 20 and 24 for females (40.0%). Among boys, child labor (58.3%) and mendicancy (41.7%) were the main forms of abuse; among girls, mendicancy (53.3%), prostitution (33.3%) and child labor (13.3%).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child Advocacy , Child Labor , Homeless Youth , Poverty , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data
12.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 69(3): 327-330, jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633645

ABSTRACT

Existen pocos datos disponibles acerca del comportamiento de riesgo y la prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), incluyendo HIV-1, en personas transgénero. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las características demográficas, factores de riesgo, prevalencia de HIV-1 e ITS en personas transgénero versus personas no transgénero que consultan al Centro de Prevención, Asesoramiento y Diagnóstico del Hospital General de Agudos J.M. Ramos Mejía. Se utilizó el diseño de estudio de corte transversal y se incluyeron pacientes asistidos en nuestro centro que firmaron consentimiento informado entre noviembre de 2002 y abril de 2006. Se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos, uso de drogas, utilización de preservativos, nivel de educación alcanzado, diagnóstico de ITS y estado actual de la pareja. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y chi² para comparar proporciones. En la población estudiada (n: 4118) se identificaron a 105 personas transgénero. La prevalencia de infección por HIV-1 fue del 27.6% (29/105), mientras que en personas no transgénero (n: 4013) fue de 6.2% (247/4013); p:0.0000. El bajo nivel educativo, el consumo de alcohol, el abuso de drogas, los antecedentes de ITS y el trabajo sexual (100% en transgénero y 2.3% en no transgénero) fueron más frecuentes en personas transgénero. La prevalencia de sífilis fue del 42% en personas transgénero y del 18% en personas no transgénero. Estos datos demuestran que las personas transgénero que consultan en nuestro centro tienen alta prevalencia de infección por HIV-1 e ITS. Esta información podría contribuir al diseño de estrategias de prevención necesarias en esta población.


Few data are available regarding the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI), including HIV-1 infection, and risk behaviors of transgender individuals. Previous reports indicate that this community has a high prevalence of HIV and STIs. Our objective was to compare the prevalence of HIV-1 infection, STI and risk behaviors of transgender people versus non transgender people. We used a cross sectional design study. Patients who received services at our testing site between November 2002 and April 2006, and provided written informed consent, were included in the analysis. Socio-demographic data, sexual behaviour, recreational drug use, condom use, concurrent or previous STI and HIV-1 infection diagnosis and partner serologic status, were collected. We used descriptive statistics and chi² for comparisons of proportions. In the period of the study, 105 transgender individuals were identified in a population of 4118 patients tested. The prevalence of HIV infection in the transgender group was 27.6% (29/105), while in the non transgender group was 6.2% (247/4013) p:0.0000. Low level of formal instruction, alcohol consumption, drug abuse, previous history of STI and sex work (100% transgenders and 2.3% of non-transgenders) were significantly more frequent in the transgender. The referred correct use of condom was similar in both groups. The prevalence of syphilis was 42.3% in transgender group and 18.1% in non-transgender individuals. These data show that this population has a very high prevalence of HIV-1 and STI. This information could be instrumental to design targets for intensive HIV prevention strategies in this particular high risk population.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Transsexualism/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis
13.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 52(4): 273-277, out.-dez. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-848315

ABSTRACT

Introdução: As doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) são freqüentes em todo o mundo. As mulheres representam uma parcela cada vez, maior dos casos de HIV/AIDS sendo que as DST facilitam a transmissão desse vírus. Objetivo: Verificar o grau de informações apresentada com relação às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) e HIV/ AIDS, e o acesso destas informações, na população de risco feminina da cidade de Caxias do Sul ­ RS. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo; onde foram entrevistadas 150 mulheres pertencentes à população de risco feminina de Caxias do Sul ­ RS, por meio de um roteiro semi-estruturado com perguntas fechadas durante os meses de setembro a dezembro de 2007. Resultados: A maior parte das entrevistadas, 92,7% tem acesso a informações sobre DST. Esse percentual elevado também foi verificado com relação a informações sobre HIV/AIDS, em que 93,3% das entrevistadas relatam apresentar tal informação. Conclusão: A partir da análise dos resultados podemos concluir que a maior parte, das mulheres entrevistadas, apresenta informações sobre doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e HIV/AIDS. Assim recomendamos estratégias sensíveis por parte dos órgãos de saúde a fim promover a manutenção das informações sobre DST/AIDS (AU)


Introduction: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are common all over the world. The proportion of women affected by HIV/AIDS is increasing, and STDs make HIV transmission easier. Aim: To investigate the level and access to STD/AIDS information among the at risk female population in the city of Caxias do Sul, RS. Material and Methods: This is an descriptive, observational transversal study in which 150 at-risk women were interviewed in the city of Caxias do Sul from Sept to Dec 2007 using a semi-structured questionnaire with yes/no questions. Results: Most of the respondents (92.7%) have access to STD information. This high percentage was also seen concerning HIV/AIDS information, as 93.3% of the respondents reported they were well informed about it. Conclusion: From the analysis of the data we can conclude that most of the interviewees were aware of STD and HIV/AIDS. We thus recommend sensitive strategies by the health institutions in order to promote the maintenance of STD/AIDS information (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Risk Groups , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Contraception Behavior/statistics & numerical data
14.
Salud pública Méx ; 50(6): 439-466, nov.-dic. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-497451

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine the likelihood of Latino day laborers being solicited for sex by other men. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 450 Latino day laborers were recruited in Los Angeles, California, from July to September 2005. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which day laborers were more likely to be solicited and subsequently to have sex. RESULTS: Thirty-eight percent reported being solicited for sex by another man while seeking work. Those solicited were more likely to live longer in the US, be more educated and screen positive for drug dependence. Of those solicited, 9.4 percent had sex with their solicitors. Those screening positive for drug dependence were more likely to have sex. Most of the day laborers who had anal sex with their solicitors did not always use condoms. CONCLUSIONS: HIV prevention efforts should target drug dependent day laborers, who may place themselves at risk for HIV through sex with male solicitors.


OBJETIVO: Examinar hasta qué punto los jornaleros latinos son solicitados por otros hombres para tener relaciones sexuales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Cuatrocientos cincuenta jornaleros latinos fueron reclutados en Los Ángeles, California, de julio a septiembre de 2005. Un análisis de regresión logística fue utilizado para determinar cuáles jornaleros tenían más probabilidades de que fueran solicitados y, subsecuentemente, de que tuvieran sexo. RESULTADOS: Treinta y ocho por ciento reportaron que fueron solicitados para sexo por otros hombres mientras buscaban trabajo. Estos hombres que fueron solicitados tenían más probabilidades de haber vivido más tiempo en los Estados Unidos, tener más educación formal y dar resultados positivos en dependencia de drogas. De los solicitados, 9.4 por ciento tuvieron sexo con los solicitadores. Aquellos que dieron resultados positivos para dependencia de drogas tenían más probabilidades de tener sexo. La mayoría de los jornaleros que tuvieron sexo anal con los solicitadores no siempre usaron condón. CONCLUSIONES: Esfuerzos de prevención del VIH deben dirigirse a jornaleros dependientes de drogas quienes pueden estar exponiéndose al riesgo de contraer VIH al tener sexo con solicitadores masculinos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Homosexuality/statistics & numerical data , Mexican Americans/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Harassment/statistics & numerical data , Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data , Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical data , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Bisexuality/statistics & numerical data , Educational Status , Heterosexuality/statistics & numerical data , Homosexuality/ethnology , Los Angeles/epidemiology , Mexico/ethnology , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Unsafe Sex/statistics & numerical data , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
15.
Rev. saúde pública ; 42(5): 830-837, out. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-493841

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To understand the social context of female sex workers who use crack and its impact on HIV/AIDS risk behaviors. METHODODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: Qualitative study carried out in Foz do Iguaçu, Southern Brazil, in 2003. Twenty-six in-depth interviews and two focus groups were carried out with female commercial sex workers who frequently use crack. In-depth interviews with health providers, community leaders and public policy managers, as well as field observations were also conducted. Transcript data was entered into Atlas.ti software and grounded theory methodology was used to analyze the data and develop a conceptual model as a result of this study. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS: Female sex workers who use crack had low self-perceived HIV risk in spite of being engaged in risky behaviors (e.g. unprotected sex with multiple partners). Physical and sexual violence among clients, occasional and stable partners was widespread jeopardizing negotiation and consistent condom use. According to health providers, community leaders and public policy managers, several female sex workers who use crack are homeless or live in slums, and rarely have access to health services, voluntary counseling and testing, social support, pre-natal and reproductive care. CONCLUSIONS: Female sex workers who use crack experience a plethora of health and social problems, which apparently affect their risks for HIV infection. Low-threshold, user-friendly and gender-tailored interventions should be implemented, in order to increase the access to health and social-support services among this population. Those initiatives might also increase their access to reproductive health in general, and to preventive strategies focusing on HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections.


OBJETIVO: Compreender o contexto social no qual estão inseridas trabalhadoras do sexo que usam crack e seu impacto na adoção de comportamentos de risco frente ao HIV/Aids. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo qualitativo realizado em Foz do Iguaçu (PR), em 2003. Foram realizadas 26 entrevistas em profundidade e dois grupos focais com trabalhadoras do sexo que utilizam crack freqüentemente. Também foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com profissionais de saúde, líderes comunitários e gerentes de políticas públicas, além de observações de campo. Os dados transcritos foram codificados com auxílio do software Atlas.ti e a metodologia grounded theory (teoria fundamentada em dados) foi utilizada para analisar os dados e desenvolver um modelo conceitual como resultado do estudo. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: As trabalhadoras do sexo que utilizam crack apresentaram baixa autopercepção de risco frente ao HIV, apesar de estarem envolvidas em comportamentos de risco, como sexo desprotegido com múltiplos parceiros. Experiências de violência física e sexual com clientes, parceiros ocasionais e estáveis foram bastante freqüentes entre estas mulheres, prejudicando a negociação e o uso consistente de preservativos. Segundo profissionais de saúde, líderes comunitários e gerentes de políticas públicas, diversas trabalhadoras do sexo usuárias de crack, são moradoras de rua ou favelas, raramente acessam serviços de saúde, de aconselhamento e testagem anônimos, de apoio social e de saúde reprodutiva e pré-natal. CONCLUSÕES: As profissionais do sexo que utilizam crack vivenciam vários problemas sociais e de saúde que parecem influenciar o risco à infecção pelo HIV. Intervenções de limiar baixo, amigáveis e voltadas para questões de gênero devem ser implementadas objetivando facilitar o acesso a serviços de saúde e de apoio social nessa população. Tais iniciativas poderão também facilitar o acesso deste grupo a serviços voltados para saúde reprodutiva em geral ...


OBJETIVO: Comprender el contexto social en el cual están insertadas trabajadoras del sexo que usan crack y su impacto en la adopción de comportamientos de riesgo frente al HIV/Sida. MÉTODOS: Se realizó estudio cualitativo en Foz de Iguacu (Sur de Brasil), en 2003. Se realizaron 26 encuestas con profundidad y dos grupos focales con trabajadoras del sexo que utilizan crack frecuentemente. También se realizaron encuestas con profundidad con profesionales de la salud, líderes comunitarios y gerentes de políticas públicas, además de observaciones de campo. Los datos transcritos fueron codificados con ayuda del software Atlas.ti y el método grounded theory (teoría fundamentada en datos) fue utilizada para analizar los datos y desarrollar un modelo conceptual como resultado de estudio. ANÁLISIS DE LOS RESULTADOS: Las trabajadoras del sexo que utilizan crack presentaron baja autopercepción del riesgo frente al HIV, a pesar de estar relacionadas con comportamientos de riesgo, como sexo desprotegido con múltiples parejas. Experiencias de violencia física y sexual con clientes, parejas ocasionales y estables fueron bastante frecuentes entre estas mujeres, perjudicando la negociación y el uso consistente de preservativos. Según los profesionales de la salud, los líderes comunitarios y los gerentes de políticas públicas, diversas trabajadoras del sexo usuarias de crack, viven en las calles o en barrios, raramente tienen acceso a los servicios de salud, de consejos y exámenes anónimos, de apoyo social y de salud reproductiva y pre-natal. CONCLUSIONES: Las profesionales del sexo que utilizan crack experimentaron varios problemas sociales y de salud que parecen influenciar sobre el riesgo a la infección por el HIV. Intervenciones de bajo umbral, amigables y dirigidas para cuestiones de género deben ser implementadas buscando facilitar el acceso a servicios de salud y de apoyo social en esa población. Tales iniciativas podrán también facilitar el acceso ...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Cocaine-Related Disorders , Crack Cocaine , HIV Infections/transmission , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Sex Work , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Condoms , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Qualitative Research , Risk Assessment , Risk-Taking , Self Concept , Sex Offenses , Sexual Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Vulnerable Populations , Young Adult
16.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 50(4): 219-221, July-Aug. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-492726

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in Nigeria and constitutes a public health menace. The prevalence of HBV infection in many professional groups has been described in Nigeria. However, literature on HBV infection among female sex workers (FSW) in Nigeria is scanty. FSW in Nigeria are not subjected to a preventive control of HBV infection. This study assesses the extent of spread of HBV among FSW in Nigeria. Seven hundred and twenty (n = 720) FSW (mean age = 26.7 years) were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by a double antibody sandwich ELISA method. The overall HBV prevalence among the FSW was 17.1 percent. FSWs between the ages of 31-35 year (20.5 percent) and those with 'age-at-first-sex' below 10 years of age (28 percent) were most affected. This high prevalence of a vaccine preventable disease is unacceptable, therefore, vaccination of this high risk HBV reservoir group should be considered worthwhile.


A hepatite pelo vírus B (HBV) é infecção endêmica na Nigéria e constitui problema de saúde pública. A prevalência da infecção HBV em muitos grupos profissionais foi descrito na Nigéria. No entanto, a literatura da infecção HBV entre trabalhadoras do sexo feminino (FSW) na Nigéria é escasso. FSW na Nigéria não são submetidas a um controle preventivo de infecção de HBV. Este estudo avalia a extensão da disseminação de HBV entre FSW na Nigéria. Setecentos e vinte (n = 720) FSW (média de idade = 26,7 anos) foram testadas para antígeno de superfície da hepatite B (HBsAg) pelo método ELISA usando sandwich de duplos anticorpos. A prevalência total de HBV entre o FSW foi 17,1 por cento. FSWs entre as idades de 31-35 anos (20,5 por cento) e abaixo de 10 anos de idade (28 por cento) foram mais afetadas. Esta alta prevalência de doença evitável pela vacinação é inaceitável, portanto, vacinação deste grupo de alto risco de HBV deve ser considerada fundamental.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Endemic Diseases , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood , Hepatitis B virus/immunology , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Nigeria/epidemiology , Prevalence
17.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 12(4): 287-292, Aug. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-496765

ABSTRACT

We analyzed the sexual behavior and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of street-based female sex workers (SFSWs) of Rajshahi city and examined their socio-demographic profiles. Among the SFSWs attending three drop-in centers (DIC) named PIACT, PROVA, and Suraksha Madhumita in Rajshahi, 150 self-motivated and willing individuals were interviewed through a structured questionnaire to obtain obstetric histories and socio-demographic information. Among these SFSWs, 56.7 percent were infected with two or more pathogens of STDs, with gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, syphilis, and trichomoniasis observed in 23.3, 27.3, 24.0, 17.3, and 20.0 percent, respectively. We found a strong association between the prevalence of STDs among SFSWs and their socio-demographic profiles. Illiterate and comparatively older SFSWs who spent very little money for health purposes, had larger numbers of children, and used condoms inconsistently were observed to be at higher risk of STDs. These results observed with bivariate analysis were also confirmed by logistic regression analysis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Bangladesh/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Socioeconomic Factors , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control
18.
J Health Popul Nutr ; 2008 Jun; 26(2): 223-31
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-992

ABSTRACT

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among brothel-based sex workers of West Bengal, eastern India, to understand sex-trafficking, violence, negotiating skills, and HIV infection in them. In total, 580 sex workers from brothels of four districts participated in the study. A pretested questionnaire was introduced to study their sociodemography, sex-trafficking, violence, and negotiating skills. Blood sample of 4-5 mL was collected from each sex worker using an unlinked anonymous method to study their HIV status. Data were edited and entered into a computer using the Epi Info software (6.04d version). Both univariate and multivariate analyses were done to find out any association between HIV and relevant risk factors. Results of the study revealed that a sizeable number of the participants were from Nepal (9%) and Bangladesh (7%). The seroprevalence of HIV was strikingly higher among Nepalese (43%) than among Bangladeshis (7%) and Indians (9%). Almost one in every four sex workers (24%) had joined the profession by being trafficked. Violence at the beginning of this profession was more among the trafficked victims, including those sold by their family members (57%) compared to those who joined the profession voluntarily (15%). The overall condom negotiation rate with most recent two clients was 38%. By multivariate analysis, HIV was significantly associated with sexual violence (odds ratio=2.3; 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.5). The study has documented that the trafficked victims faced violence, including sexual violence, to a greater magnitude, and sexual violence was associated with acquiring HIV in them. There is a need for an in-depth study to understand the problem of trafficking and its consequences.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Bangladesh , Bhutan , Condoms/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , HIV Infections/blood , Humans , India , Nepal , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sex Offenses/statistics & numerical data , Violence/statistics & numerical data
19.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 41(3): 225-231, maio-jun. 2008. graf, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-489736

ABSTRACT

An HIV seroprevalence and molecular study was conducted among 935 subjects: 723 female commercial sex workers, 92 men who have sex with men and 120 HIV-positive volunteers. The reported injection drug use rates were 0.7 percent in female commercial sex workers and 3 percent in men who have sex with men. Sexually transmitted infections were reported in 265 (37 percent) of the female commercial sex workers and 38 (41 percent) of the men who have sex with men. A total of 20 (2.8 percent) female commercial sex workers and 12 (13 percent) men who have sex with men became HIV infected during the study period. A history of sexually transmitted infection increased the risk of subsequent HIV infection twofold (adjusted odds ratio of 2.5) among the female commercial sex workers, while cocaine use had an adjusted odds ratios of 6.61 among men who have sex with men. From 130 samples, and based on heteroduplex mobility assaying for the env gene, with sequencing of part of pol and/or full genomes, subtype B was the predominant subtype identified (66 percent); followed by subtype F (22 percent) and subtype C (4 percent). Recombinant CRF12-BF strains were identified in 6 percent and CRF17_BF was identified in 2 percent.


Um estudo de soroprevalência e de avaliação molecular do HIV foi realizado com 935 indivíduos: 723 mulheres que trabalhavam no comércio do sexo, 92 homens que mantinham relações sexuais com outros homens e com 120 voluntários HIV-positivos. O relato de uso de drogas injetáveis foi de 0,7 por cento nas mulheres que trabalhavam no comércio do sexo e de 3 por cento nos homens que mantinham relações sexuais com outros homens. Infecções sexualmente transmitidas foram relatadas por 265 (37 por cento) das mulheres que trabalhavam no comércio do sexo e em 38 (41 por cento) dos homens que mantinham relações sexuais com homens. Um total de 20 (2,8 por cento) mulheres que trabalhavam no comércio do sexo e 12 (13 por cento) homens que mantinham relações sexuais com homens se infectou com HIV durante o período do estudo. História prévia de infecção sexualmente transmitida aumentou em duas vezes o risco de infecção subseqüente por HIV (odds ratio ajustado de 2,5) entre as mulheres que trabalhavam no comércio do sexo, enquanto cocaína apresentou odds ratio ajustado de 6,61 entre os homens que mantinham relações sexuais com outros homens. De 130 amostras, com base no ensaio da mobilidade heteroduplex para o gene env, com sequenciamento de parte do pol e/ou genomas completos, o subtipo B foi o subtipo mais identificado (66 por cento); seguido pelo subtipo F (22 por cento) e subtipo C (4 por cento). Cepas recombinantes CRF12-BF foram identificadas em 6 por cento e CRF17_BF foi identificada em 2 por cento.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1 , Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology , Genotype , HIV Infections/transmission , HIV Infections/virology , Paraguay/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Socioeconomic Factors
20.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 40(3): 209-213, 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-541906

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve por objetivo estimar a freqüência de DSTs e AIDS entre mulheres profissionais do sexo de Umuarama-Paraná e estudar as variáveis socioeconômicas e os fatores de risco para DSTs. O estudo foi descritivo e analítico com 75 profissionais do sexo em seus locais de trabalho, na cidade de Umuarama, Paraná, de outubro e dezembro de 2003. Foi aplicado um questionárioestruturado e coletadas 75 amostras de sangue para a pesquisa de HIV, sífilis e AgHBs, além de 52 amostras de secreção vaginal para a pesquisa de Candida sp, Trichomonas sp e Gardnerella vaginalis. Uso de preservativos em todas as relações sexuais foi relatado por 61,3% das profissionais do sexo, uso de álcool por 94,7% e de tabaco por 66,7%, sendo que 16% consumiam a associação tabaco/maconha/cocaína. A escolaridade e a renda estavam associadas com a presença de DSTs. A prevalência de sífilis, HBsAg e anti-HIV foi de 2,7% cada, a de candidíase foi 23,1%, de vaginose 15,4% e de trichomoníase 3,9%. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de intervenção para reduzir a transmissão dessas DSTs, para garantir o acesso aos serviços públicos de saúde e de ações para a disseminação de informações entre as mulheres profissionais do sexo.


The aim of present study was to investigate the frequency of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in female sex workers from Umuarama, Paraná State, and the risk factors for Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The descriptive and analytic study included 75 sex workers in their work places, from October to December 2003. A structured questionnaire was applied, and 75 blood samples was collected for HIV, syphilis and AgHBs research. Fifty two samples of vaginal secretion was obtained for the search of Candida spp, Trichomonas spp and Gardnerella vaginalis. The use of Condom in all sexual intercourse, alcohol, tobacco and tobaco/maconha/cocaína was related by 61.3%, 94.7%, 66.7% and 16.0% of the sex workers, respectively. The education and the income were associated with the presence of DSTs. The prevalence of syphilis, AgHBs and anti-HIV was 2.7% for each one, candidiasis 23.1%, bacterial vaginose 15.4% and trichomaniasis 3.9%. The results point to the need to intervention for reducing the transmission of these DSTs and assure the access to the public health services, besides actions for the spread of information among female sex workers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cocaine-Related Disorders , Crack Cocaine , Marijuana Smoking , Sex Work/statistics & numerical data , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Substance-Related Disorders , Tobacco Use Disorder
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